What is the difference between New Public Management (NPM) and New Public Administration (NPA)?

what is the difference between new public administration and new public management? i.e NPA & NPM. i did not understand the difference and they both look similar to me.very confusing.can someone give a list of comparison between the two.i know this is not the right time to ask Pub Ad questions, as it is time to prepare for preliminary exam, but i have taken pub ad in haste in october-november, and i have too many doubts.can somebody help plz?

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Hi.

New Public Administration and New Public Management are almost similar but not the same.

The differences and complete details are given below

				NEW PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION	NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
				NPA is basically a periodic academic get together to reconceptualate	NPM is actual process of government reform
				Emphasize is on Publicness of PubAd	Weakens the PUBLICNESS nd moves more towards generic administration..no concern whether public or private
				Makes Pubad closer to Political Science and Sociology	Makes PubAd move towards management
				NPA is rational..since means and goals are emphasized �means to achieve goals are taken into account	ANTI RATIONAL �.since emphasis is only on Goals�not the means to achieve them
				They study on change nd try to reconceptualise things	It is influenced by NEW RIGHT PHILOSOPHY
				NPA is developmental..where interests of the society are taken into consideration	NPM is POPULIST �responds to demands in a uncritical way without thinking whether it is Beneficial or not
Similarities between New Public Administration and New Public Management
	1	Both emphasize on Democratization,Decentralization,Associative Administrtation
	2	NPA II & NPA III took note of privatisation , globalisation , implementation of market principles nd practices but they primarily took care of the publicness of Pub Ad�.with this we can refer to the NEW PUBLIC SERVICE APPROACH by theorist like DENHADT and DENHADT

hope it helps.

All the BEST!!